Today: Saturday, 18 May 2024
-
Agriculture
-
Rural Development
-
Environment
-
Urban and rural planning
-
Natural Resources
-
Fisheries
Biological application of Bacillus thuringeinsis of agricultural
Volume 3, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 53 - 58
Author(s) : Reyhaneh Ghorbani Zavareh 1 , Masoumeh Dehghani 2 , Maryam Sadate Mirbagheri Firozabad 3 , Maryam Sadate Jalili Tabaii* 4
1 Master student of industrial Microbiology, Shahid Ashrafi Esfahani University, Esfahan, Iran
2 Master student of industrial Microbiology, Shahid Ashrafi Esfahani University, Esfahan, Iran
3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
4 Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Shahid Ashrafi Esfahani University, Esfahan, Iran
Abstract :
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt): Gram-positive bacteria are sporulation that its main habitat is soil. The crystalline toxins produced during the sporulation phase are toxic to insects but non-toxic to humans, and are the main microorganisms used in the biological control of agricultural pests. With increasing demand for foodstuffs free of chemical toxins and with the implementation of agricultural methods that are less harmful to the environment, the use of toxins has expanded. Bacteria in the sporulation phase secrete protein crystals consisting of different groups cry and cyt. Cry proteins are toxic to insects including Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, as well as nematodes. Severe toxicity of cry proteins has also been reported in the Diptera order. Since each type of cry toxin has a specific mechanism as an insecticide, it usually affects only a few species of a particular order. Recently, researchers have produced new pesticide proteins (VIPs) in the vegetative growth phase of bacteria. And have a broader functional mechanism, they reported. These toxins are lethal to a wide range of the order Lepidoptera. Bt also produces pathogens, including insecticide-secreting protein toxins (exotoxins). However, the mechanism of action of these products is not fully understood. There are two proposed models: first, that Bt causes osmotic imbalance in response to the formation of pores in the cell membrane, and second, that it opens ion channels that activate the process of cell death. There are several methods that resist Bt is induced in them: changes in receptors that do not detect cry toxin, the synthesis of membrane transporters that kill peptides from the cytosol, and the development of regulatory mechanisms that disrupt the production of toxin receptors.
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt): Gram-positive bacteria are sporulation that its main habitat is soil. The crystalline toxins produced during the sporulation phase are toxic to insects but non-toxic to humans, and are the main microorganisms used in the biological control of agricultural pests. With increasing demand for foodstuffs free of chemical toxins and with the implementation of agricultural methods that are less harmful to the environment, the use of toxins has expanded. Bacteria in the sporulation phase secrete protein crystals consisting of different groups cry and cyt. Cry proteins are toxic to insects including Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, as well as nematodes. Severe toxicity of cry proteins has also been reported in the Diptera order. Since each type of cry toxin has a specific mechanism as an insecticide, it usually affects only a few species of a particular order. Recently, researchers have produced new pesticide proteins (VIPs) in the vegetative growth phase of bacteria. And have a broader functional mechanism, they reported. These toxins are lethal to a wide range of the order Lepidoptera. Bt also produces pathogens, including insecticide-secreting protein toxins (exotoxins). However, the mechanism of action of these products is not fully understood. There are two proposed models: first, that Bt causes osmotic imbalance in response to the formation of pores in the cell membrane, and second, that it opens ion channels that activate the process of cell death. There are several methods that resist Bt is induced in them: changes in receptors that do not detect cry toxin, the synthesis of membrane transporters that kill peptides from the cytosol, and the development of regulatory mechanisms that disrupt the production of toxin receptors.
Keywords :
Bacillus thuringiensis, Agricultural pests, Toxins, Secretory proteins
Bacillus thuringiensis, Agricultural pests, Toxins, Secretory proteins