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Comparison of Seed Essential Oil Content in Five Populations of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)
Volume 1, Issue 2, 2019, Pages 85 - 91
Author(s) : Elnaz Majidzadeh* 1 , Saeed Aharizad 2 , Kamal Al-Din Dilmaqani 3 , Seyed Siamak Alavikia 4 , Mohsen Sabzi Noje Deh 5
1 Graduated in Agricultural Biotechnology, Tabriz University
2 Ph.D. in Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Professor, University of Tabriz, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Breeding
3 Ph.D. in Plant Physiology, Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University of Marand, Department of Plant Sciences
4 Ph.D. in Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Associate Professor, University of Tabriz, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Breeding
5 Ph.D. in Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Assistant Professor, University of Tabriz, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Breeding
Abstract :
The purpose of this research was to investigate the type and percentage of active ingredient (active matter, effective material) in five seed populations of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill), which were collected from different regions. Seed essential oil extraction was performed through hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus. The seed extract compounds were determined using GC-Mass. The result indicated a genetic variation among the studied populations in terms of essential amount and component. Limonene, alpha-Phenchone, trans-anethole, and estragole were major compounds of the studied populations. Among these compounds, limonene was known as an aromatic agent with antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties, trans-anethole was identified as an aromatic agent with antiseptic and anti-cancer properties as a useful ingredient, and estragole was recognized as an aromatic agent, but carcinogenic compound. Tabriz population had the highest amount of limonene and the German population had the highest amount of alpha-Phenchone as much as 13.042% and 12.64%, respectively. The highest amount of trans-anethole was related to Izmir population and the highest amount of estragole belonged to Neyshabur population as much as 80.677% and 63.728%, respectively. The lowest amount of active ingredient obtained from the seed extracts of the studied populations was related to Pologne, Furanone, Pyridine, Methyl, and Pentene.
The purpose of this research was to investigate the type and percentage of active ingredient (active matter, effective material) in five seed populations of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill), which were collected from different regions. Seed essential oil extraction was performed through hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus. The seed extract compounds were determined using GC-Mass. The result indicated a genetic variation among the studied populations in terms of essential amount and component. Limonene, alpha-Phenchone, trans-anethole, and estragole were major compounds of the studied populations. Among these compounds, limonene was known as an aromatic agent with antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties, trans-anethole was identified as an aromatic agent with antiseptic and anti-cancer properties as a useful ingredient, and estragole was recognized as an aromatic agent, but carcinogenic compound. Tabriz population had the highest amount of limonene and the German population had the highest amount of alpha-Phenchone as much as 13.042% and 12.64%, respectively. The highest amount of trans-anethole was related to Izmir population and the highest amount of estragole belonged to Neyshabur population as much as 80.677% and 63.728%, respectively. The lowest amount of active ingredient obtained from the seed extracts of the studied populations was related to Pologne, Furanone, Pyridine, Methyl, and Pentene.
Keywords :
Fennel, Essential oil, GC-Mass, Trans-anethole, Limonene
Fennel, Essential oil, GC-Mass, Trans-anethole, Limonene